Indian Polity Study Notes & Syllabus

15 Women Members of the Constituent Assembly of India

Fundamental Rights (Articles 12 to 35)

Complete breakdown of Fundamental Rights (Articles 12 to 35) for UPSC, UPPSC & SSC CGL. Quick-fact matrix of articles and judicial doctrines.

Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36 to 51)

Complete guide on DPSP (Articles 36-51) for UPSC & State PSC. Classification into Socialist, Gandhian, Liberal-Intellectual principles.

Making Of The Constitution

Making Of The Constitution DateEvents1922Mahatma Gandhi demanded that the people of India should have the rights to choose. Gandhiji said "Swaraj will not ...

Salient Features of the Constitution

Salient Features of the Constitution Indian Constitution is a written Constitution. A written Constitution is a one which has been framed in given time-fra...

The President of India

The President of India is the constitutional head of state of the Republic of India. The President is the formal head of the execu...

The Union & Its Territory (Article 1- 4)

The Part-I of Indian Constitution details the Union & Its Territory. The concerned articles are 1 to 4 Part I: The Union & Its Territory (Article 1...

Indian Constitution: Citizenship

Citizenship is mentioned in Part II of the Indian Constitution. Citizenship and its benefits are covered under Articles 5 to 11 of the Indian Constitution....

Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)

The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP) is explained in PART IV of Indian Constitution through Articles 36-51. The Directive Principles are the nee...

Indian Constitutional Development (Question & Answers)

1. The Cabinet Mission to India was headed by (Asstt Grade 1992) (a) Stafford Cripps (b) A.V. Alexander (c) Lord Pethick Lawrence (d) Hugh Gaitskell Ans: (...

Constitutional Preamble Sources (Question & Answers)

1. The Constitution of India borrowed the scheme of Indian Federation from the Constitution of: (IAS 1992) (a) USA (b) Canada (c) Ireland (d) UK Ans: (b) 2...

Indian Polity & Constitution Objective Questions for Competitive Exams

Indian Polity QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS Indian Constitutional DevelopmentConstitutional Preamble SourcesCitizenship, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties an...

Citizenship, Fundamental Rights, Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles of State Policy (Question & Answers)

1. Under which Article of the Constitution are the Cultural and Educational Rights granted? (Railways 1995)(a) Article 29 and 31(b) Article 29 and 32(c) Ar...

Parts/ Articles of the Constitution, Emergency Provisions (Question & Answers)

Parts/ Articles of the Constitution, Emergency Provisions (Question & Answers)   1. Under which Article of the Constitution is the President's rul...

The Union Executive (Question & Answers)

The Union Executive (Question & Answers) 1. In the election of the President, the value of the vote of the Lok Sabha members: (Railways 1991) (a) is sa...

The Union Legislature (Question & Answers)

The Union Legislature (Question & Answers) 1. Members of the Rajya Sabha are elected according to :([Delhi Police 1994) (a) Cumulative Vote System (b) ...

The Judiciary (Question & Answers)

The Judiciary (Question & Answers) 1. The concept of Public Interest Litigation originated in: (IAS 1997) (a) the United Kingdom (b) Australia (c) the ...

The State Executive (Question & Answers)

The State Executive (Question & Answers) 1. When a State Governor dies or resigns, who normally exercises his functions until a new Governor is appoint...

Indian Federalism and Centre-State Relations (Question & Answers)

Indian Federalism and Centre-State Relations (Question & Answers) 1. Which of the following is in the Concurrent List in the Constitution of India? (IA...

Public Service Commissions, Attorney General, CAG, Election Commission (Question & Answers)

Public Service Commissions, Attorney General, CAG, Election Commission (Question & Answers) 1. The first general elections in India were held in: (a) 1...

Local Government (Question & Answers)

1. The source of maximum income to Panchayati Raj institution is: (CDS 1993)(a) local taxes(b) regional funds(c) government grants(d) share in Union Govt. ...

Amendment of the Constitution (Questions & Answers)

Amendment of the Constitution (Questions & Answers) MCQs 1. Which of the following provisions of the Constitution can be amended only if (a) they are p...

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part I)

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part I) This is part of MCQs on Indian Constitution Fundamental that contains 100 questions. Read MCQs: 1-100 - 101-2...

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part II)

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part II) This is part of MCQs on Indian Constitution Fundamental that contains 100 questions. Read MCQs: 1-100 - 101-...

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part III)

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part III) This is part of MCQs on Indian Constitution Fundamental that contains 100 questions. Read MCQs: 1-100 ...

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part V)

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part V) This is part of MCQs on Indian Constitution Fundamental that contains 100 questions. Read MCQs: 1-100 - ...

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part VI)

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part VI) This is part of MCQs on Indian Constitution Fundamental that contains 100 questions. Read MCQs: 1-100 - 101-...

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part VII)

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part VII) This is part of MCQs on Indian Constitution Fundamental that contains 100 questions. Read MCQs: 1-100 ...

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part VIII)

Indian Constitution Fundamental MCQs (Part VIII) This is part of MCQs on Indian Constitution Fundamental that contains 100 questions. Read MCQs: 1-100...

Indian Constitution: Parts - I, II, III, IV & IVA

Part ListPart I - IVAPart VPart VI-XPart XI- XVIPart XVII- XXII Part I: The Union & Its Territory (Article 1- 4) ArticleImportance1Name and territory o...

Indian Constitution: Parts - XI, XII, XIII, XIV, XIVA, XV & XVI

Part ListPart I - IVAPart VPart VI-XPart XI- XVIPart XVII- XXII Part XI : Relations Between The Union And The States (245 – 263) ArticleImportanc...

Historical Background of Indian Constitution

Historical Background of the Indian Constitution Part List Part I - IVA Part V Part VI-X Part XI- XVI Part XVII- XXII The British came to India in the...

Indian Polity: Prime Minister

Appointment Article 75 of the Indian Constitution specifies that the Prime Minster is appointed by the President. The general principle is that the Pr...

Comparison of Indian Constitutional Scheme with other countries

“The price of freedom is eternal vigilance” – Thomas Jefferson Evolution Montesquieu’s “Spirit of the Laws” is the predecessor to all contemporary compara...

Fundamental Rights of India

Estimated reading time: 11 minutes The fundamental rights are enshrined in Part III of the Indian Constitution under Articles 12 to 35. These were borrowed...

ATTORNEY GENERAL OF INDIA

The Attorney General is the first law officer of the Country. He is the chief advisor to the government of India in all legal matters. Article 76 of the Co...

Indian Polity: Fundamental Duties

 (Part IV A, Article 51 A) The fundamental duties were added on the recommendation of Swaran Singh Committee in the year 1976. This committee recommended f...

Indian Polity: Vice President

Article 63: This article states that there shall be a vice President of India. Article 64: The Vice President shall be the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya...

Indian Polity: Governor

The Governor is the Constitutional head of the state. Just like the President of India the Governor of a state is a dejure (constitutional or nominal or ti...

Indian Polity: Supreme Court

The Supreme Court came into existence on January 28, 1950. About It is as an integrated judicial system of Courts that is present in India. (Federation for...

Indian Polity: RAJYA SABHA

The Parliament consists of three parts. The PresidentThe Council of StatesThe House of the People RAJYA SABHA: Introduction The Rajya Sabha was constituted...

Parliament: Lok Sabha

This is also called the Lower House of the parliament. The maximum strength of Lok Sabha is 552. Out of this 530 are the representatives of states directl...

Municipalities | Local Government | Indian Polity

The Municipalities are the Local self-government units in the urban areas. Some of the provisions are similar to those present in part IX (Panchayati Raj) ...

Anti-Defection Law (52nd Constitution Amendment Act, 1985)

The 52nd Constitution Amendment Act, 1985, also known as the Anti-Defection Law, marked a significant step in the political and legislative framework of In...

Advocate-General

an advocate general is a legal advisor to a state government. The post is created by the Constitution of India and corresponds to that of Attorney General ...

Election Commission of India

The Election commission is a constitutional body that is entrusted with the responsibility of conducting free and fair elections in the country. On October...

UNION PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (UPSC)

Article 315: There shall be a Public Service Commission for the Union and Public service Commission for each state. UPSC is a Constitutional body.The UPSC ...

State Public Service Commission (SPSC)

Every state of India consists of a State Public Service Commission. STATE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION COMPOSITION: There is a chairman for SPSC.There are oth...

JOINT PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION (JPSC)

JOINT PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION A JPSC is a statutory body. It is not a constitutional body The Joint Public Service Commission is created by the parliamen...

ZONAL COUNCILS

The first Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru proposed that country can be divided into 4 or 5 zonal councils. Five Zonal Councils were set up in the ...

OFFICIAL LANGUAGE

The Official languages are mentioned in the 8th Schedule of the Constitution. The official language is mentioned in the part XVII of the Indian Constitutio...

CENTRAL VIGILANCE COMMISSION

The CVC was set up on February 11, 1964. The CVC is considered to be the country’s anti-corruption watch dog. The President has inaugurated the golden jubi...

DHAR COMMISSION

There has been a demand from different regions, particularly South India, for the reorganisation of states on a linguistic basis. Accordingly, in June 1948...

Curative Petition

What is a 'Curative Petition' and how did it develop? A Curative Petition is the final and last option available to the people for redressal of grievances ...

Contempt of Court

Contempt of Court, as a concept that seeks to protect judicial institutions from motivated attacks and unwarranted criticism, and as a legal mechanism to p...

Details of the Proceedings held during the last sitting of the Constituent Assembly

The Constituent Assembly began its work of drafting the Indian Constitution in the winter of 1946. After three years, the Constitution came into effect, on...

Mission Karmayogi

On 2nd September 2020, the Union Cabinet gave its approval for ‘Mission Karmayogi’ - the National Programme for Civil Services Capacity Building (NPCSCB). ...

S. R. Bommai Case: The Detailed Analysis

Who was S. R. Bommai? S. R. Bommai was the Chief Minister of the Janata Dal government in Karnataka between August 13, 1988, and April 21, 1989. What was t...

UNION AND TERRITORIES CREATED AFTER 1956

MAHARASHTRA and GUJARAT ◇ In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into two separate states–Maharashtra for Marathi speaking people and Gujarat f...

JVP COMMITTEE

Dhar commission report created much resentment and led to the appointment of another Linguistic Provinces Committee by the Congress in December 1948, to ex...

FAZL ALI COMMISSION

The creation of Andhra state intensified the demand from other regions for creation of states on linguistic basis. This forced the Government of India to a...

Integration of Princely State

At the time of independence, India comprised two categories of political units, namely, the British provinces (under the direct rule of British government)...

Constitution of Japan

The Japanese constitution is the oldest unamended constitution in the world. It has not had any amendments to its text in more than 70 years. The Constitut...

Creamy Layer

What is the creamy layer? Creamy layer is a term used to refer to some members of a backward class who are highly advanced socially as well as economically...

What is the 16th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1963?

The Sixteenth Amendment Act of 1963 has two provisions as follows: Empowered the state to impose further restrictions on the rights to freedom of speech an...

Drafting Committee

The Drafting Committee of the Indian Constitution On 29th August 1947, the Constituent Assembly of India through a resolution appointed the Drafting Commit...

COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR GENERAL (CAG)

The General Purpose Financial Report presents an overall picture of the financial performance of the Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) which are un...

National Development Council

The National Development Council is not a Constitutional body. The National Development Council is not a statutory body. The National Development Council w...

42nd Amendment Act of 1976

The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976, also known as the "Mini-Constitution," is one of the most significant amendments to the Indian Constitution. Enacted during...