Year 1705
Satara became the capital of the Maratha Empire.
JANUARY 12
Daily Historical Chronicle
UPSC CSE • State PSC • SSC CGL Matrix
12 January: What Happened On This Day in History
Curated historical timeline of momentous political pacts, freedom struggle uprisings, constitutional developments, scientific breakthroughs, and prominent birthdays recorded on 12 January.
Observances & Special Days
National Youth Day (India)
Year 1915
US Parliament rejected women’s suffrage proposal.
Year 1948
Mahatma Gandhi gave his last speech and decided to go on a hunger strike against communal violence. He was deeply saddened by the partition of India in 1947.
Year 1991
US Parliament approved military action against Iraq.
Year 2004
The world’s largest ocean liner, RMS Queen Mary 2, made its maiden voyage.
Year 2005
Establishment of National Knowledge Commission.
Year 2019
The Economic Weaker Section Reservation Bill Article 15(6) and Article 16(6) which ensures 10% reservations to the poor and lower-middle-class people in upper castes who were denied any kind of affirmative action previously, was cleared by the President of India, Ram Nath Kovind.
Born 1598
Jijabai Shahaji Bhosale, the mother of Shivaji Maharaj, founder of the Maratha Empire.
Born 1863
Swami Vivekananda, an Indian Hindu monk.
Born 1869
Bhagwan Das, an Indian Theosophist, and public figure.
Born 1889
Mirza Basheer-ud-Din Mahmood Ahmad, the second caliph, leader of the worldwide Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
Born 1893
Hermann Göring, a German political and military leader.
Born 1918
C. Ramachandra, a renowned music composer in the movie industry of India.
Born 1921
Basant Kumar Birla, an Indian businessman.
Born 1931
Ahmed Faraz, a Pakistani Urdu poet.
Born 1936
Brajanath Ratha, Indian poet and activist (d. 2014)
Born 1936
Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, Indian lawyer and politician, Indian Minister of Home Affairs (d. 2016)
Born 1964
Jeff Bezos, an American internet entrepreneur, industrialist, media proprietor, and investor.
Born 1972
Priyanka Gandhi, an Indian politician and the general secretary of the All India Congress Committee.
Born 1976
Mahesh Kale, an Indian Classical vocalist.
Died 1934
Surya Sen, an Indian revolutionary.
Died 1966
Narhar Vishnu Gadgil, an Indian freedom fighter and politician from Maharashtra, India.
Died 1976
Agatha Christie, an English writer.
Died 1992
Kumar Gandharva, an Indian classical singer.
Died 2005
Amrish Puri, an Indian actor, who was an important figure in Indian theatre and cinema.